Patient's Who Refuse Blood (Jehovah's Witnesses)

This guide focuses on how surgeons can safely and ethically treat Jehovah’s Witnesses and other patients who refuse blood transfusions. By respecting patient autonomy, applying rigorous consent processes, and employing bloodless surgical techniques, surgeons can deliver high-quality care while honouring individual beliefs and choices. This is a key interview station repeated in ENT ST3 interviews so imperative you understand.

Background and Scope

Jehovah’s Witnesses have refused allogeneic (donor) blood transfusions and primary blood components (red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma) since 1945 on religious grounds. Today, beyond religious reasons, some patients decline blood due to safety concerns or personal preference. This presents ethical and practical challenges for surgical teams. The guide highlights best practice, respecting patient autonomy while striving for optimal surgical outcomes.